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Theories Stressing the Sructure of the Thruput: The theorist who focuses on the thruput is one who examines the system from the perspective of structure. The structure of the thruput often is reflected in flow charts such as Figure 14.1 [right]. Such a chart shows what happens to the materials entering the system. The thruput segment is sometimes called the black box, especially when its processes are mysterious, ill defined, or as yet unexplained. In Johnson's theory, for example, one might say that the relationships among her subsystems of behavior are yet to be fully explored and described. The relationship of achievement behavior to affiliative behavior, for example, is not yet fully known.